(3a)
IRS
The term shirk in Islam is used to refer to idolatry or polytheism, which means deification, or worship of deity, gods, or anything other than Allāh. As opposed to polytheism, Islam preaches strict monotheism embedded in tawḥīd (oneness of God), i.e., God is one, unique, and absolute.
The Arabic word shirk is derived from the root verb sharaka, meaning “to share with someone,” or “to include something.” From an Islamic perspective, shirk means attributing an equal partner unto Allāh, or associating anyone or anything with Him. The Islamic view of monotheism that Allāh is one and nothing is like Him is clearly stated in the Qur’ān: “nothing is like unto Him” (Q.XLII:11) that scripturally asserts God’s oneness and His uniqueness. The denial of this tenet is what in Arabic is called shirk(polytheism), which implies associating God with other gods, or deities, or idols.
CRS
8a
to allow class distinction in their midst. They should not relegate the poor while exalting the rich whenever they are invited for an occasion. Majority of the churches honour and regard the rich people while they look down on the poor in their midst, they use physical appearance like dressing in assessing people at an occasion and they recognize them accordingly.
Thus, the rich are accorded better seats while the poor are not catered for. By this, they have proved themselves biased judges with partial judgments. James reminded them that those who are poor in the world are chosen by God and made rich in faith to be rightful heirs of the kingdom of God which is promised to all who obey and serve God. He accused them of dishonouring the poor among them and honouring the rich, yet the rich would oppress the poor and drag them to court where the poor would obtain no justice. It also the rich that blaspheme against the honourable name of the Lord.
He also advised them to love their neighbours according to the scripture, but if they show partiality, they have committed sin and are convicted by the law as transgressors. For whoever keeps the whole law and fail in one is guilty of breaking the law. H said that they should let their thought and action conform with those that are to be judged under the law of liberty, for whoever fails to show mercy will be judged without mercy.
-CRS-THEORY-
(1a)
-In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.
-The earth was formless, and the spirit of God hovered on the face of the waters.
-God commanded the light to appear on the formless, empty, and dark earth.
-He then separated the light from the darkness and called the light day and the darkness níght.
-Again, God made the expanse and separated the waters under the expanse from the water above and called it sky.
-The water below the expanse was then gathered to one place to create dry ground.
-The dry ground God called land and the gathered water, seas.
-God then caused the land to produce vegetation of plants bearing seeds according to their kind and trees bearing fruits.
-Further, God created the seasons, days and years, and lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth.
-God made two great lights- the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night.
-This was followed by the creation of the great creatures of the sea and every living and moving thing.
-Every winged bird according to its kind was also created to fly across the expanse of the sky.
-The creatures of the sea and the birds were commanded to increase in number to fill the water in the sea and the earth respectively.
-Liveştock, creatures that move along the ground, and wild animals were also created.
-God then created man in His own image and likeness to rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and all creatures.
-God blessed the man and woman to be fruitful and increase in number to fill the earth and subdue it.
(1b)
(i)legal mining/galamsey/sand mining.
(ii)Overgrazing.
(iii)Pollution -water, air, and noise.
(iv)Indiscriminate waste disposal.